Comparing Andrei Shleifer, Amartya Sen, And Jean Dreze

Andrei Shleifer, Amartya Sen, and Jean Drà ¨ze all try to understand what makes countries rich and what makes them poor. Shleifer thinks that what makes a country rich, and subsequently its people rich, is the free market and the economic success that follows it. Alternately, Drà ¨ze and Sen believe that what makes a country rich, a whole country with its entire population, is state intervention and regulation of the economy. This differing on opinion is the fundamental difference in the work by Shleifer and Drà ¨ze and Sen. In many ways the arguments within the book An Uncertain Glory work to refute Shleifer’s claim made in The Age of Milton Friedman. As is evident by the lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality rates, as well as†¦show more content†¦When discussion inflation, Shleifer, when discussing a book he read, says that studies have shown that inflation under 40% do not hinder economic growth. In regard to capital controls Shleifer says that they off er no real benefits, and that the case of Malaysia during the Asian financial crisis may actually have hurt the country as the controls promoted corruption and assisted the Prime Minister. Shleifer discusses the success of the free market economic policies in his paper. He talks about the wonders the policies have done to the economies of Eastern Europe, Latin America, and China. In Eastern Europe, after the fall of the Soviet Union, governments there enacted smaller government budgets and smaller taxes. These policies have works to reverse the negative economic trend of the Soviet era, and turned into positive economic growth. In Chili, the policies their have allowed for a massive economic growth, and an overtaking of Argentina. The government in Chile also has ambitions, such as entering the economic playing field of Australia or New Zealand â€Å"Such talk might be ambitious, but it shows where free market policies got the Chileans† (CITATION). China is a massive economic success. The policies their brought hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and changed the world. Yet many people argue as to how this happened. Shleifer talks about how some people say it was the state

Human Population And Its Effects On The Worlds Population

Over the past 50 years the human population has grown exponentially, and as the world’s population continues to increase. A Lot of research has been done by climatologists around the world directly linking the effects of population growth to increased CO2 emissions. I will provide data behind the negative externalities linked with these increased CO2 emissions and how they are linked to overpopulation. Even though it’s a well known fact that the U.S is one of the largest contributors of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere its population is still relatively small compared to the rest of the world. Many developing countries population’s such as China and India for example, are growing extremely rapidly, and though this may not have been a problem in the past. Because these developing countries and their population didn’t produce very many emissions or contribute to the CO2 emissions in a significant way. However, in the modern day this massive new influx of people all want to live the American lifestyle which involves excessive consumption of luxury goods. This never ending consumption is a huge cause of why we push so many CO2 emissions into the air. Americans drive their cars everywhere, they power their air conditioning in the summer and their heat in the winter. All of these needs of the average American are often very unnecessary but extremely convenient, not to mention aside from the convenience. Our massive production and booming oil industries got us rich so we couldShow MoreRelatedOverpopulation Is A Serious Problem1442 Words   |  6 Pageshealth in today’s world but the one that seems to be the greatest threat to the entire world is overpopulation. Overpopulation is a serious problem that is having an extreme effect on the health of every citizen of every country. The problems caused by overpopulation could even prove to be a fatal epidemic to the human population. Oftentimes overpopulation is overlooked due to a lack of knowledge or simply because many government officials have dismissed overpopulation and call it a myth. OverpopulationRead MoreAnalyzing The Issues Of World Overpopulation1413 Words   |  6 Pagesoverpopulation The current population on Earth is around 7 billion people, statistics show that by 2050 the world will reach to about 8 – 11 billion people. If we look back on the progression of the world and its increase in population you will currently find that the world population is growing rapidly, this leads to the fearful effect of overpopulation. Overpopulation is the number of the existing human population that exceeds the capacity of the Earth. Progressively the human population continues to growRead MoreOverpopulation can be described as the failure of the world’s resources to sustain the population.1600 Words   |  7 PagesOverpopulation can be described as the failure of the world’s resources to sustain the population. The limited natural resources have increased challenges for countries facing this. This paper covers the effects of overpopulation in the world today. The current worlds population is approximately six billion people, and the amount of time that it takes for the population to increase by another billion is decreasing with each billion. It is estimated that they will be about eight billion people byRead MoreThe World Is Growing At An Amazing Rate1521 Words   |  7 Pagessometime† (Baum). And the era we live in, is an era in which the biggest threat to human well-being, to other species and the earth, is the human existence itself. The blasting increase in human population means that with every increasing life, the demand for food, fresh water, energy and a whole lot more other items will increase simultaneously. The world is growing at an amazing rate. Currently, the Earth’s population is growing by 60,000 people every eight hours; that’s two children born every secondRead MoreEnvironmental Crisis1553 Words   |  7 PagesCrisis of Population Growth, of Wasteful Consumption of Resources, and A Crisis of Apathy and Inaction. An environmental crisis is an emergency concerned with the place in which every human lives - the environment. A people crisis is an emergency with the community that inhabits the world environment. A crisis of population growth is a turning point where the environment can no longer sustain the amounts of people which it contains. A crisis of apathy and inaction is one where the human race cannotRead More Population and the World Hunger Debate Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesPopulation and the World Hunger Debate The correlation between over-population and growing world hunger has become a controversial topic in today’s society. Concerns of population expansion, world starvation, and environment destruction are matters of debate and are of much concern for their outcomes affect everyone of society. The world is home to an estimated 6 billion people with more than 80 million additions every year. With this astonishing growing rate of population it is necessaryRead MorePositive Impacts Of The Modern Revolution1063 Words   |  5 Pagestime period of acceleration by which human activity has been the dominant influence in shaping the climate and environment around us. As our world’s most recent threshold, the Modern Revolution contributes to new complexities, such as a globally connected human society. It also allows for an increased in new opportunities and inventions that would benefit humanity as a whole. The Modern Revolution is a positive force because of its favorable impa cts on the human society. First of all, the Modern RevolutionRead More Overpopulation of the Earth Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesare nearly 6 billion people in the world. The world’s population has more than tripled in the span of a hundred years. Given that the earth’s population is constantly on the rise and seeing as how our natural resources are gradually being depleted, we must ask ourselves: what is to become of us and what is to become of our environment? In order to understand this question we must first have a thorough understanding of whether or not there is a population crisis. Having understood this, we must thenRead More Effects of Overpopulation and Industrialization on the Environment1402 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Overpopulation and Industrialization on the Environment Throughout history, the world’s population has expanded in an extremely exponential fashion-- taking over three million years to achieve a one billion person benchmark, it then only took 130, 30, 15, 12, and 11 years to reach subsequent billions, respectively. (Southwick, 159) Such a massive and still increasing population, combined with the environmentally detrimental repercussions of industrialization (as a result of the needRead MoreAlgae and Climate Change: The Complex and Integral Relationship between Biology and Weather1564 Words   |  6 Pagesresult of greenhouse gas emission form the burning of fossil fuels. This is far from a simple cause-and-effect system, however, given the global scale of the issue there are necessarily many factors that interact in complex manners to changes in atmospheric gases and to the Earths climate. Understanding the manner in which other biological agents counteract, contribute to, and/or are affected by human impacts on the climate and t he climate overall is essential to understanding the larger climate change

Strategic marketing

Porter’s Five forces Analysis Harley Davidson’s goal for perfect competition relies on Porter’s five forces framework such as market rivalry whereby a business organization competes favorably in the global market arena as part of maintaining a well established competitive edge. The company’s market share and industrial concentration are favorably stable.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic marketing- Harley Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is due to its diverse product differentiation and the ability to raise and lower commodity prices without incurring losses. Although it is faced with threats of product substitute that emanates from other market players, Harley Davidson overcomes the challenge of accessory substitutes by making frequent replacements. On the same note, the global market is threatened by incumbent firms that tend to increase barrier to entry of new and smaller firms. However, Harley Davidson uses the barrier strategically through price reduction in order to gain competitive advantage. PESTEL analyses for Harley Davidson Company Political factors Managers at the Harley Davidson Company are faced with diverse macro-environment challenges that impact the decisions they make. Some of the macro changes that effect its operations include the changes in government policy, demographic changes, trade barriers, new laws and tax changes. One key macro-environment factor affecting its operations is the political factor. Additionally, there are myriad of political decisions that impact the operations of Harley Davidson in vital business areas such as health and education of the workforce as well as quality of economic infrastructure like roads. Economic factors The economic factors include exchange and inflation rates, economic growth, taxation changes and interest rates. These economic factors impact the behavior of the firm in such areas as deterring investments since it makes the cost of borrowing to increase and exporting of its products becomes difficult due to a strong currency which raises the price of commodities. In addition, due to the current inflation problem, Harley Davidson faces the problem of raised operational costs and demands from employees who need higher wages.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social factors Socially, one of the factors impacting Harley Davidson’s operations includes massive changes in social trends. This has been found to impact the willingness and availability of its employees to work as well as the demand for its products. The impact of social factors is witnessed among the aging population who are part of its staff and require pension payments. This increases the cost of payments and hiring of new staff. Besides, it has to deal with the impact of the a ged on demand. As usual, the aged do not frequently demand motorcycles what makes the demand among this age group to be lower. Technological factors Harley Davidson is making use of new technologies to innovate new processes and products. Its motor cycles, accessories and merchandise are all created for new markets and with room for technological improvements. Besides, it has adopted online business systems through which it markets and sells its products to online shoppers. Through technology, Harley Davidson has been able to lead in innovation, improve the quality of its products, create better two-wheel designs and reduce costs. Environmental factors Major environmental factors affecting this business include climate and weather changes. An external factor such as global warming is a significant problem to this company as it impacts both transportation and travel industries. Buyers prefer cars to motorcycles and this affects the sales of motor cycles and its business opportunities due to changing demand patterns. Legal factors Certain legal factors such as consumer laws, safety legislation, and employment as well as competition laws control and regulate its operations. Of greatest importance is the employment law that covers the issue of wages for employees, working hours, dismissal procedures and redundancy. Competitive advantage Some of the important competitive advantages at Harley Davidson include the fact that it has employed innovative capacity, strategic flexibility, organizational learning and effective technology. Besides, it has articulate strategic intent, competencies and resources that are non-substitutable and unique.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic marketing- Harley Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ways for value creation/ ways for customer value creation Harley Davidson value creation methods include customer engagements, encouraging blogs and deba tes on products, creating value through transparency, risk benefit, access and dialogue. Evaluate H-D’s latest segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) Strategies. What are its major Strengths and weaknesses? Market segmentation in Harley Davidson is pursued with greater vitality to ensure that the existing market is understood even better and newer avenues to sell the products that have been identified. Lower prices for products to these economies act as part of crucial attraction factors and therefore essential marketing strategy for new products that are being introduced into the market. Other market segmentation that could result in greater sales includes consideration of individual groups’ behaviors to determine their exact preferences especially in the emerging era of great creativity. In terms of target, its products target transport businesses and companies as well as individuals. In terms of positioning, following the continued expansion of population in America, Harley Davidson products have not been made more available especially in major towns. However, to promote the availability of these products, the company has resulted to online sales where consumers can order for their choice of products and get them delivered. Suggest 2-3 contingencies that H-D should contemplate (international/European/Asian markets? Younger generation customers, more focus on women customers? Parts markets? ) . What main changes to their current marketing strategy should H-D consider to minimise impact of these contingencies (just point them out and write 1-3 sentences in support)? Harley Davidson should concentrate on younger generation customers and international markets. To cushion itself from contingencies, it should be updated periodically such as offering staff training and develop mitigation options as these are key in risk planning and business continuity. H-D is switching its strategy to Crowd sourcing (last page). Evaluate this strategy in rega rds to H-D Is switching to it a threat or an opportunity? Why? Harley Davidson creative marketing initiatives based on crowd sourcing is a move aimed at engaging the broader community and its customers with its brand and the company. Besides, Harley Davidson intends to adopt crowd sourcing for community collaboration and consumer innovation.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Crowd sourcing is indeed an opportunity for Harley Davidson to increase its marketing initiatives. It will also use it as a production and problem solving model through which it reaches customers and communities and submits solutions to both its customers and employees. Pros and cons? Would it work for H-D or not? Why? Crowd sourcing can effectively work for Harley Davidson as it provides a forum where issues affecting workers and customers are explored quickly and at a cost that is comparatively effective. Besides, through crowd sourcing, Harley Davidson has the ability to tap from a wide range of opportunities and talents in the organization. Additional crowd sourcing provides Harley Davidson with an opportunity to gain first hand information from customers on products and preferences. Lastly, this model creates a crowd sourcing organization that encourages contribution and collaboration key for business growth. Analyze the major 5 principal factors behind switching to this new st rategy? One major factor why Harley Davidson made a move to crowd souring was to develop a consumer engagement project where a ‘community is involved to ensure that effective contributions or collaborations on products and services are made to enhance the performance of a business. Besides, crowd sourcing model was going to introduce the community to its product designs, innovations and new features. These were to act as incentives for motivating the willingness of buyers to shop for its products. In addition, it was a step to allow the broader community and customers to feel as a part of the company and to be engaged in its business activities. In addition, the focus of adopting crowd sourcing was to ensure that consumers and the community are satisfied ,with products and services offered. Advise to H-D of at least 2 major marketing strategies that they should consider strengthening their position. Applying RACES (Resources, acceptability, consistency, effectiveness, sustaina bility) criteria, which of these strategies would you advise the publication to adopt and why? Sustainability- Crowd sourcing is strategies that will link Harley Davidson with its customers and the community and as such offer it a unique competitive advantage. Effectiveness- Crowd sourcing is an effective means of presenting to a community or customers the initiatives of a business as.well as products and services. Crowd.sourcing will strengthen the position of Harley Davidson in the market. H-D is a company with strong marketing. What changes into H-D marketing department could be made in order to support new Crowd sourcing strategy and help H-D to strengthen its position in the market? Some of the important strategies that can be put in place include developing leadership capabilities to handle marketing teams and improving marketing skills. Building leadership capability is important in coordinating marketing activities while improving marketing skills is vital for overcoming dyn amic challenges that are common in contemporary marketing. This case study on Strategic marketing- Harley Davidson was written and submitted by user Doctor Spectrum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.